What is dementia?

Understanding Dementia: More Than Just Memory Loss

Dementia isn’t a single disease but a broad term that describes a range of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities. It often occurs due to various diseases, with Alzheimer’s being the most common cause. Abnormal changes in the brain trigger these symptoms, leading to a decline in cognitive functions, behavior, and relationships—impacting daily life and independence.

Alzheimer’s disease is responsible for 60-80% of dementia cases. The second most common type is vascular dementia, caused by microscopic bleeding or blood vessel blockages in the brain. Some individuals may experience mixed dementia, where brain changes from multiple types occur simultaneously. There are also other conditions that can cause cognitive symptoms but aren’t classified as dementia, such as thyroid issues or vitamin deficiencies, which may be reversible.

Dementia is often mistakenly called “senility” or “senile dementia,” reflecting the outdated belief that significant mental decline is a normal aspect of aging. However, it’s essential to recognize that dementia is not a natural part of getting older.